Introduction
Hydrovac trucks, also known as hydro excavation trucks, are specialized vehicles designed to perform non-destructive digging (NDD) using pressurized water and vacuum technology. Over recent decades, they have become essential in construction, utilities, oil & gas, and municipal services. This guide explores different hydrovac truck designs and their common applications.
Hydrovac Truck Designs
1. Fan System Hydrovac Trucks
Fan system hydrovacs rely on high airflow to vacuum soil.
Advantages:
- Fast excavation rates
- Lighter build
- Easier maintenance
Best For: Shallow digs, quick potholing, and projects requiring rapid debris removal
Limitations: Less effective for deeper or heavy-soil excavation
2. Positive Displacement (PD) Blower Hydrovac Trucks
PD blower systems generate higher suction power with less airflow.
Advantages: Ideal for deep, heavy, or sticky soil excavation
Best For: Oil & gas projects, frozen ground, and utility installations
Limitations: Higher cost and slightly slower removal rate compared to fan systems
3. Combination Units (Dual System Hydrovacs)
Some trucks feature both fan and PD blower options, allowing crews to adapt to conditions.
Advantages: Maximum versatility, suitable for multiple soil types
Best For: Contractors working across varied projects
Limitations: Higher upfront investment
4. Custom Hydrovac Truck Builds
Custom units may include:
- Heated water boilers for frozen ground
- Extended debris tanks for longer operation
- Robotic booms for remote-controlled excavation
- Water recycling systems for eco-friendly operation
Common Uses of Hydrovac Trucks
Utility Locating & Potholing
Safely exposing gas, water, electric, and telecom lines is among the most common hydrovac applications. By avoiding direct mechanical digging, crews reduce utility strikes and costly repairs.
Trenching for Installations
Hydrovacs dig narrow trenches for pipes, conduits, and cables with precision. Unlike backhoes, they minimize disruption in urban environments.
Oil & Gas Industry Applications
In oilfields and pipelines, hydrovacs are used for:
- Exposing buried pipelines
- Cleaning tanks and equipment
- Excavating in sensitive or frozen ground
Municipal & Roadwork Projects
Cities use hydrovacs for:
- Exposing water mains
- Storm drain and sewer line maintenance
- Excavation near traffic corridors with minimal disruption
Environmental & Landscaping Applications
Hydrovac trucks are also used for:
- Tree planting without disturbing roots
- Soil remediation in contaminated sites
- Controlled excavation in ecologically sensitive areas
Choosing the Right Design
When selecting a hydrovac truck, consider:
- Soil Conditions – Sand, clay, frozen ground
- Project Depth – Shallow vs. deep excavation
- Operation Needs – Speed vs. precision
- Budget & Maintenance – Balancing cost with performance
Conclusion
Hydrovac trucks come in various designs—from fan system units for speed to PD blower trucks for deep power to custom builds with advanced features. Their applications span utility locating, oil & gas excavation, municipal services, and environmental projects. Understanding these designs and applications helps contractors and project managers make informed choices to improve safety, efficiency, and project outcomes.
